BMJ Best Practice Podcast

The purpose of BMJ Best Practice is to help get evidence into practice. We use GRADE to ensure that we use the highest quality evidence. GRADE helps us to assess evidence for risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and the degree to which it may be subject to publication bias. To find out what all these things mean, please do listen to this podcast with Dr Anna Ellis, Head of Editorial at BMJ Digital Health. Competing interests: KW and AE work for BMJ.

Tremor is an involuntary oscillatory and rhythmic movement of a body part. It commonly affects the upper extremities but can also affect the head, chin, voice, or legs. Tremor may impair activities of daily living or occupation, and may lead to embarrassment and social withdrawal. To find out how to diagnose and manage patients, please do listen to this podcast with Camilla Kilbane, who is an Associate Professor of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University. COI: CK has served as a consultant for Medtronic, including participation on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for the ADAPT-PD trial. CK has participated in the speakers bureau for Teva Pharmaceuticals and has served as an expert witness in one legal case.

Hypertension is a common disorder that affects a large proportion of the community. It is usually asymptomatic and is detected on routine examination or after the occurrence of a complication such as heart attack or stroke. To find out how to diagnose and manage patients, please do listen to this podcast with Greg Lip, Price-Evans Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Liverpool. For more on hypertension, visit BMJ Best Practice. COI: GL is a consultant and speaker for BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Anthos, and Huawei. No fees are received personally.

This podcast is an interview with Dr Jing Ouyang. He is Co-Founder of Patchwork Health, Doctor, Podcaster and Healthtech Advisor. The interview covers a range of topics including: • Workforce management and flexible careers and how clinical decision support can help • How best to learn from podcasts and • Healthtech COI: JO is co-founder of and retains shares in Patchwork Health, where he previously served as COO and CGO. BMJ is an investor in Patchwork Health. JO also hosts the "Out of Programme" podcast. All views expressed are his own.

According to the WHO, over 200,000 people die from drowning globally every year. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out how to prevent and manage drowning, please do have a listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Dr David Szpilman, Medical Director of the Brazilian Lifesaving Society and Co-founder of the International Drowning Researcher's Alliance. For more on drowning, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: DS is an author of references cited in the BMJ Best Practice topic.

Traveller's diarrhoea is common. But it is difficult to put a percentage on it as a lot depends on lots of different factors. However, we do know that traveller's diarrhoea can be serious and can cause complications - from lactose intolerance to irritable bowl syndrome. To find out more, please have a listen to this podcast with Daniel Leung, Professor at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Dr Thomas D. Rees and Natalie B. Rees Presidential Endowed Chair in Global Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine. For more on traveller's diarrhoea, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: DTL receives authorship royalties from UpToDate, Inc, for a chapter on travel medicine; is an author of upcoming chapters on traveller's diarrhoea for the US CDC Yellow Book; is the past president of the American Committee on Clinical Tropical Medicine and Travelers' Health - Clinical Group within the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; and is an author of some of the references cited in this topic.

BMJ Best Practice is our clinical decision support resource. It is designed to help healthcare professionals make better decisions in partnership with their patients. To find out more about shared decision making in a range of difficult circumstances, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Amber Washington, Patient Advisory Coordinator, Tampa General Hospital. View BMJ Best Practice's patient information here. Competing interests: None

Bipolar disorder is common and important. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Adrian Preda, Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at the University of California, Irvine. For more on bipolar disorder, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: AP has been compensated as an expert consultant by GLG, Atheneum, Guidepoint, and as the Editor-in-Chief of Psychiatric News.

Pulmonary embolism is common and important. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Scott Woller, Director of the Thrombosis Clinic, Intermountain Medical Center and Professor of Medicine at the University of Utah. For more on pulmonary embolism, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: SCW declares that he is expecting to receive funding of an investigator initiated grant from Janssen Pharmaceuticals to Intermountain Health - with no direct compensation to himself.

Migraine is very common, affecting an estimated 1.16 billion people worldwide. It is one of the most disabling neurological disorders. So it is vital that we get diagnosis, management and prevention of this condition right. To find out how to do this, please listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast with Timothy Collins, Associate Professor of Neurology and Chief of the Headache Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center. For more on migraine, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: TAC provides expert testimony for legal cases regarding headache disorders and treatment (approximately one or two cases per year). TAC is an author of several references cited in the BMJ Best Practice topic on migraine.

Comorbidities are common and important and have a massive impact on the delivery of care. The BMJ Best Practice Comorbidities Manager is designed to help healthcare professionals deliver better care for patients with multiple illnesses. To find out more, please do listen to this podcast with Dr Preethi Pirlamarla, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiologist at the University of Washington. Competing interests: PP is a member of the BMJ Best Practice Comorbidities Manager panel.

BMJ Best Practice is our clinical decision support resource. It is designed to help healthcare professionals make better informed clinical decisions. But such decisions should be made in partnership with patients - they should be shared decisions. To find out more about shared decision making, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Emma Doble, Patient and Public Strategy Editor at BMJ. Competing interests: None

Mumps used to be a common childhood disease. Then it became a lot less common because of vaccination. But now unfortunately it is becoming more common again. So it is vital that we get the diagnosis, management and prevention of this condition right. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Dr Kristine Macartney, Director of the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Australia. For more on mumps, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious, highly serious, and highly preventable. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Professor Sir Andrew Pollard, Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group and Ashall Professor of Infection and Immunity in Oxford. Competing interests: AP has been chair of JCVI for the past 12 years. For more on pertussis, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Social anxiety disorder is common. The 1-year point prevalence rate is about 7% and the estimated lifetime prevalence about 12%. And social anxiety disorder can have a real effect on a patient’s life. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Professor Craig Sawchuk of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic. Craig is also the author of our BMJ Best Practice topic on this subject. For more on social anxiety disorder, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Measles is a serious disease. Unfortunately, it is making a comeback. So we need to know how to diagnose, manage and prevent it. To find out more about how to do all of this, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Linda Nield, Professor of Medical Education and Pediatrics at West Virginia University School of Medicine. For more on measles, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Paediatric asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease globally and is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast on asthma in children. It features an interview with Helen Brough, Consultant in Paediatric Allergy and Professor in Paediatric Allergy at King’s College London. For more on asthma in children, visit BMJ Best Practice. COI: HB has given speaker talks on food allergy for DBV, Parexel, Stallergenes and Viatris, but these talks were not related to asthma.

It is difficult to say how common factitious disorders are. A review of psychiatric consultations in a tertiary care setting found about 1% of referrals received a diagnosis of factitious disorder. Using an entirely different approach, researchers examined specimens submitted by patients as kidney stones and found that 3.5% were obviously non-physiological. But whatever the prevalence, the consequences can be serious. They include unnecessary diagnostic procedures or interventions and sometimes self-injury. To find out more about this condition, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with James Levenson, Professor of Psychiatry at Virginia Commonwealth University. And importantly James is author of our BMJ Best Practice topic on factitious disorders. Competing interests: None For more on factitious disorders, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, occurring in 1 in about 800 births worldwide. Children and adults with Down syndrome need high quality care from a wide range of different types of healthcare professionals. To find out more about this condition, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Kishore Vellody, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Competing interests: None For more on Down Syndrome, visit BMJ Best Practice.

In 2016, the estimated number of people globally with active epilepsy was 45.9 million. For the US in 2015, this figure was around 3.4 million. So epilepsy is common and generalised seizures are a common type of epilepsy. And the consequences can be serious - from medication side effects to status to sudden unexpected death. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Daniel Winkel, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Emory University School of Medicine. For more on generalised seizures, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: DW receives consulting fees from NextSense, Inc.

Measles, mumps and rubella are all serious illnesses. They are also all preventable. Vaccination is safe and effective. But take up of the vaccine is not what it should be. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Helen Bedford, Professor of Children's Health at the UCL Institute of Child Health. For more on these infections, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Hypercholesterolemia is common condition with serious consequences. It is important that we assess, diagnose and manage it appropriately. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Thorsten Leucker, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. For more on hypercholesterolemia, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: TL has received grant funding for his university from Amgen and Merck.

The purpose of BMJ Best Practice is to provide knowledge that will help healthcare professionals deliver better care. In this podcast, Dr Clare Mock explains how you can put evidence based knowledge into practice to ensure that we achieve high quality and safe healthcare. Clare is Clinical Engagement Physician at BMJ and has a great deal of experience in safety, quality improvement and implementation science. Competing interests: CM works for BMJ.

Hyperkalemia is common and can be serious. It can result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. So it is important that we assess this problem properly, find an underlying diagnosis if there is one, and manage appropriately. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this BMJ Best Practice podcast interview with Sri Yarlagadda, Associate Professor at The University of Kansas Medical Center. Competing interests: None declared For more on hyperkalemia, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Hypothyroidism is common. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in the general population ranges between 0.2 and 5%. And it can cause a range of complications - from heart to brain problems to problems during pregnancy. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, listen to this interview with Dr Wail Malaty who works as a physician in Houston, Texas. Wail is our BMJ Best Practice author on hypothyroidism. Competing interests: None For more on hypothyroidism, visit BMJ Best Practice.

Wrist fractures are common. They can occur in older women with osteoporosis and low-impact injury. Or young men with high-impact injuries. And they can cause complications from malunion to joint stiffness to complex regional pain syndrome. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, listen to this podcast with Michael Barrett, Consultant Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeon at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and BMJ Best Practice author on wrist fracture. For more on wrist fractures, visit the BMJ Best Practice topic. Competing interests: MB is a director of Orthohub.xyz, an online education platform for orthopaedic surgeons. Orthohub.xyz receives sponsorship from the healthcare industry.

Tourette syndrome has a prevalence of 0.6% in children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 years, with about half of patients undiagnosed. And Tourette syndrome is associated with distress, substance abuse, and treatment-related side effects. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Marco Grados, Clinical Director and Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Division for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins. Marco is the author of our topic on Tourette syndrome on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Cervical spine injuries result primarily from car accidents, falls, and sports activities (such as rugby or diving into shallow water). They can occur in young and old, and can cause considerable complications - from chronic pain to medication dependence. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this interview with Muhammad Dherijha, Consultant in Complex Spinal Surgery at the Northern Care Alliance in Manchester. For more on cervical spine injuries, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Comorbidities are common and important in all countries around the world. They have a significant impact on patients and healthcare providers. The BMJ Best Practice Comorbidities Manager has been designed to help healthcare professionals better manage patients with common combinations of comorbidities. This BMJ Best Practice podcast is an interview with Professor Neera Ahuja, Professor of Medicine, Associate Chief Medical Officer and Senior Vice President at Stanford Healthcare. Competing interests: NA has received honoraria for editorial work on BMJ Best Practice

Acute severe asthma is common. The global prevalence, morbidity and mortality, and economic burden caused by asthma have progressively increased over the last few decades. About 300 million people worldwide currently have asthma. About 180,000 deaths annually are caused by asthma. And most asthma deaths are preventable. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Richard Russell, Specialty Registrar in Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. Richard is one of the authors of our topic on acute asthma on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: RR has received support from Chiesi.

ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a common and important condition. Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality so it is vital that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Mahi Ashwath, Professor of Medicine and Radiology and Inaugural Reuben Jacobs Chair in Internal Medicine at the UHS/UT Heart and Vascular Institute, San Antonio, Texas. Mahi is author of this topic on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: MA is a consultant for Tersera.

Panic disorder is common. The prevalence of panic disorder is 2% to 3% in adults and adolescents. And panic disorder can cause distress, substance abuse, and treatment related side effects. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Professor Craig Sawchuk of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Craig is the author of our topic on panic disorder on BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: None

Uterine fibroids are common. They represent the most common solid tumours of the female pelvis and are a leading indication for hysterectomy. And complications are frequent also - from bleeding to obstetric complications. So what can we do to ensure that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Ayman Al-Hendy, Tenured Professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago. Competing interests: AAH has served on the external advisory boards of Bayer, AbbVie, Myovant, Pfizer, ObsEva and Allergan, and has received research funding from the National Institutes of Health.

The Darzi report states that “a recurring theme is that the recommendations of previous reviews have not been universally adopted.” So can we do better this time? In this podcast, Professor Martyn Patel discusses how healthcare professionals can use BMJ Best Practice to improve care in areas where Darzi says that it needs to improve. In things like comorbidities, cardiovascular care, and emergency medicine. Martyn works for Norwich Medical School, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, and is also an expert panel member of BMJ Best Practice.

Among men aged 15 to 44 years, testicular tumours are the most common cancer diagnosed. And testicular cancer can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Corbin Eule, Assistant Professor of Medical Oncology at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. And importantly Corbin is BMJ Best Practice author on testicular cancer. Competing interests: None

The prevalence of precocious puberty is difficult to estimate - it is probably between 1 in 500 and 1 in 5000 children. Unfortunately, complications are common - from distress to short stature to psychological problems. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this podcast interview with Dr Comfort King of BMJ and Dr Talat Mushtaq, Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology at Leeds Teaching Hospitals. Competing interests: TM has received support from Novo Nordisk and Pfizer to attend overseas conferences. He has also received honoraria from Kyowa Kirin for lectures and educational events.

Chronic cough is common. And from 10% to 70% of patients with chronic cough may have upper airway cough syndrome. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Professor Fan Chung who is Professor of Respiratory Medicine and Head of Experimental Studies Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London. Competing interests: FC has received remuneration for taking part in advisory board meetings on asthma, COPD, and cough, organised by GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim, TEVA, Menlo Therapeutics and 4D pharma. KFC has also been on a speaker's bureau for AstraZeneca and Novartis, and has received educational grants from AstraZeneca, GSK, Bionorica, PGT Healthcare, and Vernalis Therapeutics, for supporting the Ninth London International Cough Symposium held in London in 2016.

Type 2 diabetes is common. It accounts for over 90% of all diabetes, and has a prevalence of 8.5% in the US. And complications are common as well - from blindness to amputation to chronic kidney disease. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to this podcast interview with Gregg Simonson, Director of Professional Training at the International Diabetes Center at Park Nicollet Minneapolis. Competing interests: GS declares that his employer, HealthPartners Institute International Diabetes Center, has organizational interests that include receiving unrestricted educational grants from Abbott Diabetes Care and Sanofi.

Hyperthyroidism The global prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism is between 0.2% to 1%. Graves disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism in most areas of the world but there are other causes including toxic nodular goitre. Complications of hyperthyroidism are common - from bone loss to atrial fibrillation to heart failure. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr Salman Razvi, Consultant Endocrinologist and Senior Lecturer at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead. Competing interests: SR has received speaker fees from Merck, IBSA and Abbott Pharmaceuticals Ltd and research funding from Merck.

Pre eclampsiaPre-eclampsia is common. It has been reported to affect between 2% and 8% of all pregnancies worldwide. And complications are common as well - from eclampsia to fetal growth restriction to pulmonary oedema. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Emeritus Professor James Walker of the University of Leeds. Please note: Remember to do a FBC, U&E, and LFTs in affected patients. Competing interests: JJW is Honorary President of the Baby Lifeline Training Company and Honorary Medical Director of Action on Pre-eclampsia. He lectures and teaches on pre-eclampsia and maternal safety both nationally and internationally, and is the author of national and local reports into safety investigations for the Healthcare Services Investigation Branch and national and local bodies as Clinical Director.

BMJ Best Practice is freely available in England, Scotland and Wales. And in many other institutions around the world. We want to ensure that it is used. But we want more than just clicks. We want people to use it to improve individual patient care, to improve care processes and quality and safety, to improve education at all levels. So how should we do this? Please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr Dan Bunstone, GP Principal and Clinical Director of Warrington Innovation Network. Competing interests: none

Acute otitis media is common. More than 80% of children experience at least one episode of acute otitis media before the age of 2 years. And complications are common also - from perforated tympanic membrane to otitis media with effusion. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr. Carlos Armengol of the Pediatric Associates of Charlottesville in the US. Competing interests: none

Animal bites Each year in the UK, approximately 250,000 people attend emergency departments for the treatment of dog bites. And about 10% of patients will develop an infection. And that is just dogs. Animal bites are a common and serious problem - it is important that we get the assessment and management of this condition right. To find out more details about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Dr Oliver Spencer, Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Croydon University Hospital NHS Trust. Competing interests: none

Burns are a common injury. The exact prevalence is difficult to know, as many people will not seek medical advice. But we do know that around 13,000 people in the UK require hospital attention from specialist burns services. And burns can cause a range of complications from scarring to sepsis to psychological trauma. So it is important that we get the management of burns right. To find out more details about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Professor Rob Sheridan, Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School. Competing interests: none

COPD is common. It is the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 2019. And anyone who has worked in a hospital will know that exacerbations are common also. So it is important that we get the diagnosis and management of this condition right. To find out more details about this problem and what we can do about it, please do listen to his podcast interview with Neil Greening, Associate Professor and Honorary Consultant Physician at the Institute for Lung Health, Leicester. Competing interests: Dr Greening has received honoraria, lecture fees, travel for conferences and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi, Sanofi and Pulmonx. His Institution has received grant funding and consultancy fees from GSK, and Roche.

Syncope is common. It accounts for approximately 1% of all emergency department visits and 2% of all hospital admissions from the emergency department. Causes include dysrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and acute coronary syndrome - to name but a few. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor Shamai Grossman, Associate Professor of Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Competing interests: none

Sepsis is common. In 2018, more than one million US Medicare patients were admitted to hospital with sepsis. And complications are serious - from renal failure to ARDS to DIC. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, have a listen to this podcast with Professor Andre Kalil, from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. For more on sepsis, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none

Acne is a common condition. The Global Burden of Disease estimates the prevalence of acne to be 8%, ranking it the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide. And acne can cause complications - from scarring to dyspigmentation to mental health problems. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor John Barbieri, Assistant Professor of Dermatology at Harvard. For more on acne, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: JB has received consulting fees from Dexcel Pharma.

Cervical spine injuries result primarily from motor vehicle accidents, sports activities, and diving into shallow water. These mainly happen with young people. In older people, falls are a common cause. And such injuries can cause a range of complications from pain to radiculopathy to other neurological disability. So what if anything can we do to ensure that cervical spine trauma is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, listen to this interview with Michael Fehlings, Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto, and author of our BMJ Best Practice topic on this condition. Competing interests: MGF served as a consultant for Zimmer, In Vivo Therapeutics, and Pfizer. He receives institutional fellowship grant support from AOSpine, Medtronic, and Depuy-Synthes.

Croup is a frequent cause of acute respiratory distress in young children. Typically, it affects those between six months and three years of age, peaking in the second year of life. And croup can be serious and can cause complications - such as pneumonia. So what if anything can we do to ensure that it is diagnosed and managed correctly? To answer this and other important questions, please do have a listen to this podcast interview with Professor David Johnson who is from the Department of Pediatrics and Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Calgary, Canada. For more on croup, visit BMJ Best Practice. Competing interests: none